What you need to know about parvovirus B19

Last week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a Health Alert warning of the uptick in parvovirus B19 activity across the country. The virus is highly transmissible and tends to rapidly spread through schools and daycares.

It is seen most among children, who typically experience symptoms, including headache, fever and fatigue. The second phase of illness occurs about 7 to 10 days after symptom onset and is characterized by a very distinctive facial rash with red cheeks. The appearance is similar to skin that has been slapped, so it is commonly referred to as “slapped cheek syndrome.”

“When a child has that distinctive rash, we are fairly positive they have parvovirus B19,” explains Dr. Julie Holland, a pediatrician and vice president of pediatric primary care at the Chicagoland Children’s Health Alliance. “While the virus is usually a pretty mild illness and most people recover with no long-term consequences, it can be extremely dangerous for certain populations.”

Dr. Holland says parvovirus B19 can lead to serious complications if you:

• Have chronic anemia, like sickle cell
• Are immunocompromised
• Are pregnant

“Parvovirus B19 causes a decrease in red blood cell production, leading to anemia. The anemia may be severe enough that they need a blood transfusion,” she says. “Fetuses of pregnant women are also at risk of anemia as well as poor growth, generalized swelling of the body and fluid collections around the heart and lungs. In rare cases, this can lead to fetal death.”

She urges pregnant women or those who fall into the other high-risk categories who have been exposed to parvovirus B19 to contact their health care provider right away.

“It is important to have a blood test to determine if you have had the virus previously,” explains Dr. Holland. “Most people only get it once, so if you have antibodies to the virus, that’s the end of your risk. If you don’t have evidence of parvovirus B19 immunity, your doctor will need to monitor your pregnancy, and further intervention may be needed.”

Fortunately, by 20 years of age, about 50% of adults have had parvovirus B19, and that number increases to 70% by age 40.

The biggest thing to keep in mind during this outbreak?

“Parvovirus B19 is a mild illness in most kids. The other good news is this isn’t a new virus,” says Dr. Holland. “If you or your child are experiencing any signs of illness, stay home. Help keep others, especially our vulnerable populations, healthy and safe.”

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