What’s normal? Your guide to self-breast exams

With 1 in 8 women in the United States diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime, it is crucial to learn how to identify breast cancer early when treatment is more effective.

The best method for early detection is getting routine mammograms. Even though some studies have shown breast self-examination does not improve breast cancer detection or outcomes, familiarizing yourself with your breasts can help you notice anything abnormal. Self-exams can be especially beneficial for women under 40 whom mammograms aren’t yet recommended.

If you are going to perform a self-breast exam, Dr. Nicole Zaremba, a breast surgeon at Aurora Health Care, recommends taking these steps:

1. Time it right: It’s best to avoid performing the exam during or near the start of your menstrual cycle since hormonal changes can impact the breasts.
2. Get comfortable: Remove your shirt and bra and choose to either stand or lay down. Look for any changes in the appearance of your breasts, such as color, dimpling or swelling.
3. Position your arm: Raise the arm on the side of the breast you’re examining.
4. Feel for changes: Using the pads of your three middle fingers, move in a circular or up and down pattern to examine the entire breast. Don’t forget to check the tissue near your armpit.
5. Check for lumps: Apply varying levels of pressure to feel for lumps, knots or areas of thickening that feel different than the surrounding tissue.
6. Examine the nipple: Before switching to the other breast, check the nipple for any inversion, scaling or discharge.
7. Repeat on the other side: Follow the same steps for your other breast.
8. Consult a professional: If you notice any abnormalities, contact your health care provider for guidance.

“Breast self-exams shouldn’t replace regular mammograms,” explains Dr. Zaremba. “In most cases, mammograms can identify cancers before the tumors can be felt. The American Cancer Society doesn’t recommend breast self-exams or clinical breast exams for women at average risk for breast cancer. However, being aware of what’s normal for your breasts is what makes this an added tool in your breast cancer prevention toolbox.”

It is important to talk to your physician about your risk and whether you should do the exams on a regular basis.

Want to learn more about your risk for breast cancer? Take a free online quiz.