Why diabetes puts your feet at risk

By 2050, it’s estimated that 1.3 billion people will be affected by diabetes. The chronic disease not only affects your blood sugar but also other parts of your body, such as your feet.

“Poorly controlled diabetes can damage the nerves and blood vessels in your feet, both of which can lead to a variety of issues,” explains Dr. Sameen Hassan, an endocrinologist at Aurora Health Care. “You could accidentally sustain a wound but not realize it if the sensation in your feet is decreased. The longer these wounds fester, the worse they can become. Poorly controlled diabetes also decreases blood circulation, which impacts your body’s ability to heal.”

Diabetic foot complications include:

• Diabetic neuropathy, nerve damage that causes numbness, tingling, burning or decreased sensation.
• Bone and wound infections, such as osteomyelitis.
• Calluses, which develop more easily due to lack of sensation and blood flow.
• Charcot foot, which appears as joint destruction and foot deformity.
• Amputation. Typically seen in more severe cases where infections or wounds weren’t properly addressed.

“A lot of the complications are multifactorial,” Dr. Hassan says. “Nerve damage can lead to foot wounds, which can progress to infections and open sores from poor circulation.”

Maintain proper foot care with these tips:

• Wash your feet thoroughly every day.
• Dry them thoroughly and don’t forget to dry between your toes.
• Moisturize your feet but avoid moisturizing between your toes.
• Regularly trim your toenails and use an emery board to file down sharp edges.
• Check your feet for sores, cuts, blisters, corns or redness daily.
• Wear moisture-wicking socks.
• Before putting on your shoes, check for sharp objects, like rocks or woodchips
• Wear shoes that fit well and don’t rub your feet.

You should also avoid:

• Cutting or trimming toenails and calluses yourself if you have neuropathy.
• Walking around barefoot.
• Soaking your feet.
• Smoking.

“Generally speaking, properly managing your diabetes can help prevent these complications,” Dr. Hasssan says. “I also recommend patients keep an eye on their feet, checking regularly for any open wounds or sores and keeping their feet dry and clean.”

Complications are typically more prevalent in those with type 2 diabetes; however, people with type 1 diabetes are also at risk. If you notice any of these concerns, speak with your health care provider immediately.

Want to learn more about your risk for diabetes? Take a free online quiz.